BACKGROUND: Atherosclerotic event is one of the most causes of death in the world. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one manifestation of atherosclerosis. It is well-known that several risk factors, such as diabetes mellitus (DM), smoking, hypertension (HTN), have effects on it. It is proposed that infection can lead to atherosclerosis or even make its process faster. Here, we discuss about the effect of some of infectious agents on the atherosclerosis and CAD.METHODS: In this study, first we did a comprehensive search in PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct using some related keywords such as atherosclerosis, CAD, myocardial infarction (MI), infection, and name of viruses and bacteria. After finding the related papers, we reviewed the correlation between some microbial agents and risk of CAD.RESULTS: Literature has reported several infectious agents (viruses, bacteria, and parasites) that can be associated with risk of CAD. This association for some of them like Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), Chlamydia pneumonia (C. pneumoniae), and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a very strong. On the other hand, there are some other agents like influenza that still need to be more investigated through original studies. Furthermore, different mechanisms (general and special) have been reported for the association of each agent with CAD.CONCLUSION: Based on the studies in databases and our literature review, it is so clear that some microbes and infectious agents can be involved in the process of atherosclerosis.Therefore, controlling each type of infections especially among people with a traditional risk factor for atherosclerosis should be taken into account for reducing the risk of CAD and atherosclerosis.

Dear Editor, Monkeypox is a rare zoonotic infectious disease caused by the Monkeypox viruses, a type of Orthopoxvirus of the family Poxviridae, which is endemic to Africa. The virus was first discovered in 1958 in laboratory monkeys (1). The first human case was diagnosed in 1970 in a 9-month-old infant in Zaire (the Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2). Since then, Monkeypox has become endemic in the Congo and has spread to other African countries (mainly central and western Africa) (3). Monkeypox has been reported outside Africa due to travel to endemic areas or animal contact (4). . .